Archive for the ‘Biodynamic Gardening’ Category

  1. The Eco Guide in Mallorca

    Posted on October 18th, 2011 by admin

     
     

    This Palma store stocks organic produce and health foods, and has a deli.

    C/Andrea Dorria 50, 07014 Palma

    This gourmet shop in Palma’s bustling Mercat de l’Olivar offers a wide range of spices and salts from all over the world (including Mallorca), seaweed, honey, pulses and 20 different types of organic rice. Free parking for clients and a delivery service for restaurants are also offered.

    Mercat de l’Olivar, stand 125

    Plaa de l’Olivar, Palma.

    Tel: + 34 666 243 025.

    First opened in 1991, they began with a small shop on a very quiet street in Palma. Devotion, passion, hard work and help from their friends have enabled them to become the largest centre in the Balearics dedicated to organic food, natural medicine and a sustainable lifestyle.

    Jeroni Antich no. 7 (Junto a Plaza los Patines ), Palma

    Tel: + 34 971 716 804

    www.yerbabuena.com.es

    This Palma store, which opened last June, is one of 16 branches of the Spanish Terra Verda chain, dedicated to meeting the growing demands of those seeking natural products to improve their quality of life. Eco and dietetic foods, natural cosmetics, teas, books, music and more.

    C/La Protectora, 10, Edifici Sa Clastra, Palma

    Tel: +34 971 726 973

    www.terraverda.com

    The store carries all kinds of health items (no fresh produce): natural cosmetics, medicinal herbs, aromatherapy, eco-friendly clothes, books, vitamins, sweet almond milk.

    C/Arxiduc Lluis Salvador 2, 07179 Dei

    Tel: +34 971 458 200

    This small store is a treasure trove of ecological items, from children’s toys to cosmetics to pens made out of corn . . . and more.

    C/ Argenteria 7, Palma

    Tel: + 34 971 07 92 72

    http://www.ecologica-mallorca.es/

    This charming store can be found in Bunyola and carries all organic health foods and a wide range of natural and organic products and remedies.

    C/Mayor 1 (the square) Bunyola.

    Tel: + 34 971 148 316

    Traditional methods for modern times are employed in the production of these natural cosmetic products designed for all the family. Gaia Natural Cosmetics are made from only the simplest and purest of ingredients, harvested from sustainably-grown organic plants and herbs from their own farmhouse land in Mallorca. Local olive and sweet almond oils, and only eco-friendly methods and packaging are used. Their range includes environmentally-friendly soaps, moisturisers, gels, washes and scrubs.

    Calle Corderia 25, Palma de Mallorca

    Tel: +34 971 714 983

    www.gaia-natural-mallorca.com

    Farm shop supermarket selling everything organic at family-affordable prices, including fresh, frozen and packaged foods, drinks, and household and personal products. They also offer activities, including ceramic painting and a kids’ gardening club. Ctra. Inca-Llubi Km 6, Mallorca.

    www.mallorcaorganics.com

    Tel: + 34 971 639 434

    Farm shop supermarket, near Manacor, open three days a week to the general public. From their own dairy herd they produce fresh unpasteurised milk, natural yoghurt and three types of cheese. Some meat is also available. The talkative grey parrots enjoy a chat, but are not for sale!

    From the PM332 Petra to Manacor road, about 5km from Manacor, follow “Sa Teulera” signs over the railway bridge and along the track to the farm shop car park.

    Tel: + 34 971 183 474

    Located in Capdepera, their philosophy is to farm crops and stock sustainably. Produce includes a wide range of seasonal vegetables, quality meat from their own livestock, herbs, dry goods and honey (from their bees). Medicinal herbs include rosemary, thyme, sage, parsley, basil mint, rue, and chamomile, as well as more elusive herbs such as lemongrass, dill, burnet, and French tarragon.

    Binifela ( Son Jaumell ) in Cala Radjada

    Tel: + 34 971 819 034

    A group of farmers and stock-breeders on the Balearic Islands who produce, manufacture and sell environment-friendly organic food products.

    C/ Des Trinquet 3, 1er 07510 Sineu

    Tel: +34 616 068 600

    This co-operative of five fincas in Capdepera, Manacor, Vilafranca, Montuiri and Esporles uses ecological methods in agricultural production. Their products are available at various retail outlets across the island.

    www.vidasana.org

    A recent addition to the eco scene, this farm shop is only minutes from central Palma, offering a wide selection of local and own organic seasonal produce and other ecological items. Their land includes mini-plots available to rent so you can grow your own organic veggies!

    Secar de la Real, Palma

    Tel: +34 971 25 41 95

    http://www.biogranjalareal.com/

    A small and charming family restaurant in the oil-producing village of Caimari, and run by sisters Maria and Teresa Solivellas. Every morning they visit the Port of Pollena for the fisherman’s latest catch, on which they base their menu for that evening which includes organic vegetables and fruits from their own garden. In winter, open Thursdays to Sundays for dinner only.

    C/Horitzo 21, 07314 Caimari

    Tel: + 34 971 515 226

    Located in the historic heart of Palma, in an old Mallorcan manor house, this popular restaurant offers organic cooking that’s synonymous with good health, but also well-seasoned and varied. They serve a daily-changing menu, but open only at lunchtimes. Juanjo Ramirez uses the rest of his time to invent organic dishes. Locals, tourists, vegetarians and non-vegetarians all appreciate the tranquil atmosphere of this well-known establishment.

    C/Feliu 7, Palma

    Tel: +34 971 71 86 17

    Chef Benet Vicens is considered the initiator of the”new Balearic cuisine” and has earned the unanimous recognition of food critics and professionals. He enthusiastically uses local, fresh, quality produce to create his unique clean-tasting cuisine, bursting with distinct flavours and aromas. Giving preference to local produce not only results in authentic cuisine, but helps secure the futures of those people who produce and sell it.

    Urb. Costa Dei. Ctra. Sller-Dei.

    Tel: +34 971 632 381

    www.benetvicens.com

    This non-profit organisation provides work opportunities for intellectually disabled people. Their “shop windows” are their two restaurant/caf/botigas, where their own home-grown organic fruit and vegetables are used. One is in Palmas old town,the other inPalmanova, and both arepopular for theirhigh standard oflunches and catering service.

    Palma: Plaa Es Pes de Sa Palla s/n

    Tel: +34 971 722 505

    Palmanova: Adjacent to the hospital by the Palmanova roundabout on the Crta Palma-Andratx s/n

    Tel: +34 971 597 300

    www.amadipesment.org

    On this sun-blessed island of Mallorca it seems strange that relatively few people exploit the sun’s energy in their daily lives. Whether it’s providing electricity, heating for water, home, or swimming pool, this free source of energy can be harnessed with a solar energy power system. It’s been estimated that the amount of energy used by people all over the globe in one year is produced by the sun in just one hour!

    Now that new properties built must include some use of solar energy, companies specialising in this technology are increasing in number. These are links to some of them:

    www.enertec-solar.com

    www.solar-energy-mallorca.com/

    www.doysol.com

    www.solarenergie-mallorca.com/

    Bio materials: insulation cork, wood, hemp, natural lime, lime mortar, natural breathable paints, natural treatments for wood energy systems, solar thermal radiant flooring and walls, stoves and biomass boilers.

    C/ Palma-Art, 15, Manacor

    Tel: + 34 971 845 963

    www.naturllar.com

    The benefits of green building’ can be specified in cost savings and respect for the environment, with reduced emissions impacting less on the climate. This company promotes eco-real estate, offering the possibility of sustainable housing and eco-intelligence, housing projects with geo-biologist integration, choice of materials and energy sources, and bioenergetics architecture.

    Llucmajor

    Tel: +34 629 118 619

    www.ecocreamos.com

    Manufacturer of air lime mortars. Fat lime dating back to the beginning of civilisation is by its nature and versatility one of the finest materials that’s been used in architecture and construction. Mortar was always used for plastering, rendering and the art of marble-imitating stucco, in Greek, Roman, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque times.

    C/ Puigverd s/n, Felanitx

    Tel: +34 971 580 634

    www.unicmall.com

    Founded in 1996, Bioma builds in a natural way, meeting sustainability criteria and based on the wisdom of our ancestors but with today’s technology. They understand that homes are our third skin’ and, as such, must be harmonious and healthy.

    Harmony is achieved through planning and design, with appropriate proportions and distribution of meditative space. Materials are chosen with consideration for future recycling implications. Energy saving and a sense of wellbeing result from the application of bioclimatic criteria with ecological alternative energy solutions.

    Ca’n Mas 4 , Pla de Na Tesa

    Tel: + 34 971 79 43 28

    www.bioma.es

    Bio-constructor. Their company was born out of the idea that a house is alive and therefore needs to breathe. Several of their projects can be viewed already all over Mallorca. Biodynamic, eco materials are used in their environmentally-friendly construction.

    C/ Pintor Miguel Angel 30, Inca

    Tel: + 34 971 506 274

    www.coris.es

    This company is currently constructing the first zero-energy house in Mallorca. Walls, foundations and windows are insulated to reduce the use of energy. Stored warmth from the sun (or coolness in summer) isn’t lost through the outer shell. External planting is specifically designed so that, in summer, the building is shaded and, in winter, the sun keeps the external walls warm. The primary heat source is the sun and, second, sources such as wood. All household appliances correspond to the lowest forms of energy.

    Tel: + 34 971 58 14 23

    www.optimacasa.eu

    Dr. Helen Cummins is the Editor of abcMallorca Magazine a high quality guide to mallorca printed in three languages including informative Articles about Mallorca, up to date Events Guide and a Business Directory.

    You can visit the abcMallorca website to read the original article about The Eco Guideor related articles about Mallorca.

    Ads by Easy CB Ads

    Related Posts:

  2. The Summer Guide to Mallorca

    Posted on October 18th, 2011 by admin

     
     

    There’s nothing like a bit of adventure to get your pulse racing and make you feel truly alive.

    Drifting peacefully above Mallorca is undoubtedly the best way of seeing the island, with its 550 km of coastline.(www.ibballooning.net) runs flights year-round and the option of dinner and champagne on board.

    Rock climbing, zip-lining from tree to tree, hiking through dramatic natural landscape and cooling off under sparkling waterfalls are some of the adventure activities on offer at(www.lareservaaventur.com) at Puigpunyent.

    For a cool experience, try diving. Mallorca’s famous for its caves and many have hidden delights only accessible to divers.(www.mallorcaactiva.com) arranges diving experiences.

    Here’s our pick of some of Mallorca’s best beaches and coves.

    The three small coves of Portals Vells offer a paradise of calm, clear sea. With a backdrop of shady pinewoods, these beaches are perfect for a day of relaxation. There are also caves to explore on either side.

    Facing the Bay of Palma stand the cliffs of Cala Blava. There are several (often steep) access routes down to the many coves and rocks, which are never too crowded, meaning you can sunbathe in relative privacy. The waters are part of the protected natural marine reserve. Take your snorkel and flippers for a fish’s eye view of the typically Mediterranean underwater habitat.

    Cala Varques, south of Porto Cristo, is one of Mallorca’s most captivating virgin coves. There’s no signpost: it’s an insider secret. Access is via a rough track, where you park, before walking over private land down to the white sandy beach. This is nature in the raw, so expect a few nudists and the occasional cow (from the adjoining farmland) . . . and take your own sustenance.

    Probably Mallorca’s most famous beach, boasting three kilometres of white sands and dunes. The tranquil shallow waters seduce even the most dedicated of sunbathers away from their spot on the sand. It can be crowded, but is always relaxing.

    In the heart of Cala Mondrag Natural Park you can enjoy nature in its purest state by strolling along the park’s footpaths or head straight for the glorious sands. Cala Mondrag itself has shop, toilet and restaurant facilities, but follow the excellent path around the headland and you’ll find Cala s’Amarador larger, less crowded and with a wooded backdrop. A beach hut sells drinks and snacks.

    Travel by boat from Port de Pollena to Formentor, home of the famous hotel where Churchill, Agatha Christie, and many other notables have stayed. Or follow the road signs, passing spectacular scenery. The long narrow sandy beach is sheltered, fringed with trees and offers sumptuous bay views. There’s a beach bar near the boat dock.

    If you like good facilities on hand when you’re by the sea, head for a beach club.

    was voted Best Beach Club by participants in our survey last year. It’s a popular nightspot as well as great place to spend a day. www.nassaubeachclub.com

    is in the beautiful south-west Cala Llamp bay, with direct sea access. It has comfortable sunbeds, terraces and a restaurant serving excellent paella.

    . An exclusive and family-oriented Beach Club, with half-sized Olympic pool, paddle and tennis courts, playgrounds, green zones, restaurant with snack bar. Sports events regularly organised. Not on the beach, but has an excellent club atmosphere and is perfect for those who don’t like sand! www.sa-rapita.com

    A haunt of artists, writers and celebrities, this small coastal village is best visited early or late in the day, to avoid the daytrippers.

    Try a coffee or a cocktail at, for spectacular views. Stroll up to the peaceful village cemetery, to see the simple gravestone of writer and long-term Dei resident Robert Graves. His former home Can Alluny is now a museum. Notable restaurants include, andat La Residencia. On Dei’s small pebbly beach there are two simple waterside fish restaurants where other diners could include Sir Bob Geldorf, Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber or one of the other well-known part-time Dei residents. Enjoy at least one concert of this year’s Dei International Music Festival.

    For suggested routes for other days out around Mallorca, and events to enjoy during your visit, see our website www.abc-mallorca.com.

    For 25 years, this action-packed supper show, set in a purpose-built theatre in Magaluf, has thrilled audiences of all ages with its world-class gymnastic feats and fearless pirates. A Mallorca institution, everyone should visit at least once!

    www.piratesadventure.com

    Broadway comes to Mallorca’s Gran Casino theatre, with sensational stage sets, singing and dancing. And could that really be Ol’ Blue Eyes himself up on stage? You might think so . . .

    www.comeflywithme.com

    Gourmets will find plenty of fine cuisine on offer on this island.

    at the St Regis Mardavall was voted Best Restaurant by abcMallorca readers in the Best of Mallorca 2009 survey thanks to Thomas Kahl’s creative cuisine. Other top vote-winners were Puerto Portals’ Michelin-starred, the domain of award-winning chef Gerhard Schwaiger and his team;in Hotel Convent de la Missi, andin Ciudad Jardin, serving Bistronomic’ cuisine at great value prices. Read more about these reader favourites on www.abc-mallorca.com.

    at the Hotel Castillo Son Vida offers new Mallorcan cuisine, created by Caty Pieras featured in this issue. At Puerto de Alcdia,is a culinary hotspot for gourmet diners and the venue for our abcBusiness Club lunch on October 8, 2010. Go on-line to read about the restaurant and chef Macarena Castro in our October/November 2009 issue.

    For an out-of-the-way lunch or dinner, head to Es Verger’sat La Posada del Marqus, featured in The Eco Issue (February/March 2010).

    In terms of number of golf courses relative to the region’s size, Mallorca is Europe’s number one. Whatever your handicap, a beautiful course awaits you somewhere on the island.

    With a course rating of 75,7,(www.son-gual.com) is one of the most demanding and the longest of the island’s courses. Tended by 30 green-keepers, it looks immaculate.

    Put some zing in your swing with some professional lessons: Swiss instructor Michel Monnard teaches at Capdepera and Son Gual; Marc Samaniego is the PGA Pro at Son Antem, and teaches children as well as adults.

    at the Sheraton Mallorca Arabella Golf Hotel (the new name for the Arabella Golf Hotel) has PGA-qualified instructors speaking several languages.

    For an independent review of the island’s courses, check out www.mallorcagolf.info.

    Mallorca offers hotels for every budget and taste, from five-star glamour to rural rusticity. The following are more recent additions to the hotel scene.

    (www.songalceran.com) is an agroturismo’ property with 12 guest rooms. A typical Mallorcan finca dating back to the 18th century, it’s traditional in style and set in a beautiful valley on the outskirts of Esporles, surrounded by mountains.

    (www.petithotelalaro.es) is a seven-room hotel set in an historic townhouse in Alar, with a small garden and swimming pool.

    (www.safranquesa.com) is a superb 17th century Mallorcan manor house converted into a well-equipped 24-room hotel, with swimming pool, spa area, terraces, gardens and restaurant. The Sa Franquesa estate is at Villafranca de Bonany.

    (www.caprocat.com) at Cala Blava is a former 19th century fortress overlooking the Bay of Palma, transformed into a luxury boutique hotel with 24 rooms and suites and two restaurants.

    (www.pegasusplaya.com) on the Playa de Palma has reopened after refurbishment as a 2-star hotel serving the gay and lesbian community and offering 30 double rooms, restaurant and 24-hour bar.

    Magaluf’s(www.mallorcarockshotel.com) is the sister-establishment to the Ibiza Rocks Hotel. Aimed at the youth market, it provides good-value quality accommodation (328 rooms) and entertainment. The hotel was launched in June with a concert by British band The Kooks.

    Renowned for its leather goods, Inca is also well-known for its cellar restaurants, set in former wine cellars and serving traditional Mallorcan cuisine. The best of these is(www.celler-canamer.com) which has been serving quality dishes since 1970, in an atmospheric cellar dating from 1700. Having a summer party? Check out their catering service

    The largely pedestrianised shopping area offers many top fashion brands such as Tous, Benetton and Amichi, as well as individual contemporary designer shops. If you’re planning a new look for your home, check out interiors store(www.dasdepot.com) and carpentry shop(www.createam-design.com).

    Whether it’s the perfect string of pearls or a glittering ring, you’ll find it on Mallorca.

    Majorica and Orqudea are the top names in high-quality imitation pearls and their factory stores in Manacor and Montuiri offer a huge choice of designs.on Palma’s Paseo Martimo is a girl’s best friend, and you’ll find plenty of choice in Avinguda Jaume III. For special pieces, check outand any of’s three stores on the island.

    Mallorca’s welcome breezes provide power for some enjoyable sporting activities.

    Kite-surfing gives you wings! Well, almost. Read our article about Son Serra de Marina, where you could catch the kite-surfing bug. If you like to keep your feet firmly planted on terra firma, how about kite-flying? It’s something all the family can enjoy in one of the island’s open spaces.

    Shoes, bags and garments are all the more luxurious when locally crafted.

    How to choose from the superb selection of leather goods at’s tempting two stores on the island? (www.munper.com). If you can’t find what you want, they’ll tailor-make it for you. In Inca a wide selection of outlets includes the brands Camper, Barratts, Lotusse and Farrutx.

    For absorbing exhibits and some respite from the summer heat, check out one of the island’s many museums. Here are just a few:

    is probably the best private gallery on the island offer world-class international exhibitions. In addition you can also enjoy one of their many events i.e. concerts, wine tasting evenings etc., (sign-up for their newsletter to find out more). You can also spend the day by their pool, have lunch as their restaurant and enjoy a truly relax atmosphere surrounded by beautiful art works.

    . An iconic building in the heart of Sller housing a permanent exhibition of Modernist art, including works by Picasso, Matisse, Magritte and Mir.

    . Open only in summer and exhibiting examples of the traditional Mallorcan cloth of tongues’ fabric.

    . Housed in the refurbished mansion Can Planes, this museum opened in 1998 and is home to more than 3,000 toys. Anyone for some nostalgia?

    . Discover the link between the small town of Petra and places like San Francisco and San Diego, at this enchanting and well-kept private museum in a pretty back street in Petra.

    Balmy temperatures make for some perfect long nights out and Mallorca’s nightlife is legendary.

    Puerto Portals is the glamorous choice, with restaurants and bars close to the port’s gleaming boats. For a younger, uninhibited scene, check out the action in Magaluf and Arenal. Palma’s Paseo Martimo offers numerous renowned clubs (including Tito’s), restaurants, and bars. Elsewhere in the capital, Calle Apuntadores in La Lonja buzzes with activity; tryfor autentic Italian food orfor amazing fusion food, followed by cocktails at their busy bar and if you still have some energy you can visit Jazz Voyeur for live music. The numerous eateries, bars and music venues of Santa Catalina’s narrow streets are also extremely popular.

    The beautiful Sller valley produces the island’s best oranges which can be enjoyed in a number of guises.

    The vintage wooden train (www.trendesoller.com) first rattled from Sller in 1912, delivering oranges to Palma. Today, Sller’s golden orbs are still highly prized and widely used. Look out for the Fet a Sller (www.fetasoller.com) traditional and artisanal products, and Angel d’Or, the liqueur made with the local oranges. If you’re a visitor, living in Germany, Austria, the Benelux or France, you can have Sller oranges delivered to your home! (www.orangesoller.com). See our food article for a selection of great places to eat in the valley on your visit.

    The Balearic capital is a destination in itself, whether for a day out or a long weekend.

    Whatever you want from a city, Palma has it. Its glorious waterfront makes it a must-see destination for the many cruise passengers who disembark here. Presided over by the Gothic cathedral known as La Seu, other highlights include the Parc de Mar, Old Town with its tiny shaded streets, Castell de Bellver and Pueblo Espanol. It’s easy to spot historic Jewish and Arab influences. Palma is a shopper’s paradise, with two branches of department store El Corte Ingls, and a warren of streets and lanes offering everything from brands like Marc Cain, Hugo Boss, Cartier, Loewe, Massimo Dutti, and Mont Blanc to individual stores such as the wonderful lifestyle store Rialto Living, top designer boutique Kidama, and for the latest in beachwear Exclusive.

    Although the Spanish Royal family spends their holidays at their palace in Marivent, their official Mallorca residence is the Almudaina Royal Palace, facing the Cathedral. Built after the Catalan conquest in the 13th century, it became the residence of the Kings of Mallorca. It’s now a museum, but still hosts official events attended by Spanish Royalty during their summer vacations.

    Mallorca is a haven for those seeking relaxation and wellbeing, with a wide variety of spas and wellness centres.

    meaning awakening is a long-established centre for wellness, beauty, personal growth workshops, yoga & meditation. Western and Oriental techniques are combined to enhance the unity of body, mind and soul.

    at the St Regis Mardavall is Europe’s largest and was voted Best Spa in our survey last year. The Balearics’ first Thalasso Spa and Wellness Centre also offers the exclusive Anne Smonin tailor-made products and therapies.

    The magnificent Serra de Tramuntana mountain range offers numerous opportunities for walking, birdwatching, dramatic views, and picnics. Find out more about Spain’s nomination of the Tramuntana as a UNESCO Heritage site: www.serradetramuntana.net

    Cool off with Mallorca’s typical summer salad.

    It’s basically a mix of chopped tomatoes, green peppers and white onions, dressed with olive oil and salt. Add the gourmet touch with virgin olive oil from Oli Solivellas (www.olisolivellas.com) and one of the excellent flavoured local salts from Llum de Sal. (www.llumdesal.es)

    Mallorca’s unique selling point must surely be its diversity. From luxury hotels to mountain refuges, local markets to upmarket fashion stores, and from tourist resorts to peaceful mountain footpaths, it truly is an island of contrasts.

    A large part of Mallorca’s terrain is covered with vineyards, providing grapes for the 60 or so bodegas on the island.

    Santa Mara-based bodega, one of Mallorca’s younger bodegas has a 150-year family heritage. They annually produce up to 650,000 litres of high-quality modern wines, have a thriving export market, and regularly win international awards.

    (DO Binissalem) part of Grupo Tristn is not just a bodega, but also the name of a delightful hamlet, with a long wine-making tradition. They employ international wine experts.

    is the producer of the acclaimed Son Negre andof Porreres was the island’s first to introduce biodynamic viticulture.

    See The Business Directory for details of more excellent bodegas.

    For wines from other locations, Catavinos in Palma (www.islacatavinos.com) offers more than 1,200 national and international wine references.

    There’s something about dining with a view over water that makes the experience even more special and these are some favourites.

    : surround yourself with the scent of flowers and herbs, combined with the salty air of the sea, and enjoy romantic views over the horseshoe-shaped bay.

    , between Dei and Sller, offers stunning views over Dei’s sparkling bay. Chef Benet Vicens offers a unique gourmet take on Mallorcan cuisine. http://www.benetvicens.com/es/cms.php

    . Offering cuisine with an exclusive Mediterranean character and a breakfast once voted the best in the world. Dining here you’ll enjoy a view similar to that the Spanish Royal family see from their Marivent palace.

    http://www.hospes.com/

    In our 2009 Best of Mallorca survey, Ca’s Xorc, between Dei and Sller, was voted Best Finca Hotel. Originally two typical 18th century country houses, it’s a blend of Mallorcan architecture with decorative elements from Morocco.

    Cool breezes at sea keep the summer heat at bay. Take to the water and see Mallorca from a new perspective.

    Learn to sail where the Royal children had their instruction: the Escuela de Vela Calanova at Cala Nova, Cas Catal’s small harbour. In the north, the sailing schools of Port de Pollenca have an excellent reputation.

    Be captain for day and charter a boat. On Palma’s Paseo Martimo there’s a large selection of charter, broker and day tour specialists, such as Yates Alemanes and Palma Maritime. Cruising the magnificent island coastline is the ultimate in luxury. Travelling under sail is peaceful and truly relaxing. Voyage Charters Spain and Turner Marine Enterprises are two companies who’ll help you set sail this summer.

    Enjoy a siesta, a cool drink and a leisurely read through abcMallorca.

    Dr. Helen Cummins is the Editor of abcMallorca Magazine a high quality guide to mallorca printed in three languages including informative Articles about Mallorca, up to date Events Guide and a Business Directory.

    You can visit the abcMallorca website to read the original article about The Summer Guide to Mallorcaor related articles about Seasons in Mallorca.

    Ads by Easy CB Ads

    Related Posts:

  3. Tea Estate Hotels in Darjeeling – an Inimitable Experience

    Posted on October 17th, 2011 by admin

     
     

    Living in the beautiful city if Darjeeling is a delightful experience but if you book yourself in the tea estate hotels in Darjeeling, then this pleasure increases bountiful times. Locate mostly in the hilly terrains if the city, these accommodations will allow you to spend some time in the aromatic tea gardens of the city. Boasting of international class amenities, these tea estates are a perfect place to unwind, especially for those who love to stay amidst the natural beauty.

    There are two most popular Tea Estate accommodations in Darjeeling. The Glenburn Tea Estate is located on a hilly area and overlooks the panoramic Himalayan ranges. The estate, founded by a Scottish company in the year 1860, was opened to the public only a few years ago. This boutique hotel is a luxury resort which offers various amenities and recreational facilities. Some of the main highlights of this hotel are the furnished suites, spectacular views of the mountains and many other amenities. This luxury hotel can charge anywhere between Rs 8,000 to Rs 10,000 depending upon the time of the year and the suite booked.

    Another very endearing tea estate in the city is the Makaibari Tea Estate. Boasting of being the first biodynamic tea garden, this tea estate enjoys a very respectable name. Claiming to be one of the three tea estates that created the tea tourism boon in India, the hotel has various rooms that are ornately decorated with fireplaces. The hotel also has a restaurant that serves vegetable grown in the kitchen gardens of the hotel. The hotel provides many options for accommodation viz, there are 3 cottages and 6 double room on rents, besides the heritage stone lodge that is replete with four luxury rooms and a roomy living space.

    Besides, the wonderful tea estate accommodation in Darjeeling, there are many five star, three star, economical and even budget Darjeeling hotels to suit the demands of both leisure and business travelers. Suited for tourists of all budgets, these hotels are located very close to the city centers, thus making shopping an inevitable activity. Darjeeling, the queen of Himalayas, offers a very comfortable stay amidst the best if natural beauty. The heritage hotels in the city are the bets places for those who want to enjoy a pleasure filled comfort stay in Darjeeling.

    Plan a trip to Darjeeling and stay in these beautiful havens that has much more to offer than just beauty, comfort, leisure and pleasure.

    For more information about Darjeeling Hotels Online Booking Services, Please visit our website for booking Hotels in Darjeeling at http://book.mustseeindia.com

    Ads by Easy CB Ads

    Related Posts:

  4. A True Recognition of Dartington

    Posted on October 17th, 2011 by admin

     
     

    Dartington

    There are some place-names that resonate fictional ones like Manderley, made famous in Daphne du Mauriers Rebecca, or Evelyn Waughs Brideshead: or actual ones like Tintagel, known for the Arthurian connections, or Iona, a unique and holy island. All these names have a kind of magic quality not always totally benign, as in Manderley, or peaceful, but a quality of legend and translucence. Dartington often has that kind of numinous feeling for many people who know it: when the Music Summer School is living there for five weeks in the summer, and the music pours out of every window as you walk through the courtyard and groups play, dance and sing outside: or you wander at the top of the formal gardens created by Dorothy Elmhirst and can see the medieval town of Totnes lying in the valley, or through the rolling fields with their splendid ancient hedgerows to the edge of Dartmoor in the distance: or you learn within the heady ambiance of a course at Schumacher College, once the Parsonage of Dartington Church, of the more-than-human world, the wonder of Gaia and the threats to her, at so many levels.

    Dartington Hall has for eighty years attempted an experimental community of living which has involved land, countryside, people of the area, art, music, literature, ideas and values, education of people of people of all ages, based on many enterprises of building, crafts, farming, manufacture, employment which have sustained the whole enterprise. Admittedly, it was only possible in the first place because of Dorothy Elmhirsts extraordinary wealth her purse as it was known but it continues to this day as a prototype of a human community living relatively consciously within its landscape, its diverse and flourishing area, where both nature and people are enhanced immeasurably by the contact with each other. The story isnt without many human errors, as one would expect, but it is to be admired for its attempt, in Leonard Elmhirsts words, to enable people to live more abundantly so we are happy inside and happy with people and nature in the outer world (letter, 205 ED).

    Why might we in Greenspirit be interested in such an enterprise? To me it seems that, surrounded as we are by fear and wars in the world, great inequality in the very possibility of living abundantly among humans and other species, destruction of our habitat, we NEED to have models where there can be community, access to intellectual and artistic resources within a small area, beauty, and a care for the land and all species. The News is after all written by professional journalists who on the whole believe that people want to hear about threatening things and so chose, out of all the billions of things happening on the planet, those events that alarm: apart from the news-sheet Positive News, the only access we generally have is to Bad News. But dont we need also to hear of models of how we could live, if we had vision? Places like Findhorn, Dartington and other alternative communities, are an important reminder that another kind of world is possible, based on values that are intrinsically spiritual and hopefully ecological.

    This is the story of how Leonard and Dorothy Elmhirst felt when they first saw Dartington in 1925. Leonard, who hunted for their future home with his sister Irene, had already told estate agents with houses for sale in the West Country, that first and foremost he wanted somewhere beautiful (103 ED). Michael Young describes the discovery as follows:-

    At last Leonard found his way in. He crept in bottom gear along a little cutting over a brook, and then up the hill and to his first view of the courtyard. It was like falling in love at first sight: he knew he need look no further. On his return he wrote to Dorothy on the Friday: In we went and up and down some wonderful hills till we pulled up in a veritable fairy land in winter too what it would be like in spring or summer or autumn I dare not imagine. I wanted to kneel and worship the beauty of it all and every fresh vista only seemed the more to recommend the handiwork of nature joined with the reverent hand of generations of men.unlimited farm buildings with roofs and windows and doors like a fairy land, and such farmer folk, and the garden and the trees you must see for yourself, the orchards, the river and the boathouse and all the nine-tenths which remain unexplored. (6 March 1925)

    Dorothy and Leonard married a month and a half later on April 25 at Dorothys home in the USA. Leonard was 31, Dorothy 38. After their honeymoon they lost no time in coming to Devon and went back for Dorothys first view of Dartington on May 30th. Her diary reads To Totnes by car thence Dartington all morning in the place. Too heavenly though she added later interior difficult. They went for service at Exeter Cathedral on the Sunday, and when she returned to their hotel she wept idiotically. (108 ED). They bought the estate as quickly as possible, and set to work the vision that had been growing between them.

    That this vision lasted is well illustrated by a letter Dorothy wrote to her close friend Margaret Isherwood over twenty years later: Jerry(as Leonard was known to members of his family) and I rush out whenever we can to have a fresh look at the beauty of it all (27 April 1947). That this whole enterprise has been about beauty and spirit is clear from their personal writings which are held in the Dartington Archives.

    Dartington Hall was already charismatic when they discovered it. It was built as an unfortified manor house/castle on top of a hill, in the midst of an estate in the fourteenth century, by John Holand, half-brother to Richard ll, a rather notorious King of England. The white hart on a red rose has been the symbol of Dartington from the beginning. After several owners, the estate was bought by the Champernowne family in 1559 who owned it until its sale in 1925. It was then in a very poor state of repair. The roof of the Great Hall was missing, the courtyard was in a sad condition. For some time at the beginning of their life there, the Elmhirsts lived in the medieval Old Parsonage, which is now Schumacher College, and which was in a much better state of repair than the Hall itself.

    What was the vision the Elmhirsts had for Dartington, and lived, involving literally thousands of other people, over the next forty years? Leonard Elmhirst had developed a sense of community from his own Yorkshire background, but more particularly from several visits to India, both during the first World War and then in the early 1920s to Rabindranath Tagores school at Sriniketan which had a model of education that greatly influenced him and subsequently Dartington: to Tagore education was nothing without the arts; he was poet, musician, dramatist and painter long before he was a teacher, and this awareness, together with his deep sense of spirit and community, provided a spark which was to make Dartingtons education childcentred and based on imagination first and foremost to open wide the minds caged door. This, combined with his very practical training at Cornell University in agriculture, was to provide the basis for the rest of Leonards life and vision.

    He married a remarkable woman in Dorothy, who was already a widow with three children when he met her, and an heiress and someone who was determined to use the money to help make a better world. She also had a sense of a search for meaning throughout her life, though she regarded this as a very private search. Dorothy was a highly educated woman, becoming an expert on literature, particularly Shakespeare: and she too had a vision of a different world, a more benign one, which could be sensitive and expansive, practical and yet innovative, open and exciting. In their Outline of 1926,which was an educational plan for Dartington based on Dewey, Rousseau, and other educational establishments springing up in the 1920s, they indicated that the quickening of the spirit is one with the great mystery of life. Their vision was a universalist one, one they were anxious to share: – in everything we have attempted at Dartington we have endeavoured to secure that element of universality which would make such discoveries as we made there be applicable, in principle at any rate, to any other part of the planet. (102 ED). They wanted to change the world, and they had more resources than most of us have, to do so. They werent of course always universally popular with the local people their values were often at odds with a conservative rural Devon, and they had spectacularly too much money in comparison with the local population that relationship has varied much over the eighty years.

    Leonard and Dorothy have been dead now for over 30 years. There were a lot of things we might criticise now in their modus operandi the patriarchy and class system, the hierarchy of the place, but there was so much too to admire. When they died, Dartington was already a Charity, and it has struggled since then under leaders with different agendas, conflicts of visions and a shortage of money, having huge responsibilities buildings, farms, several hundred employees and no purse when Dorothy was no longer there. But much is rising again now, with more likelihood of an ecological sense because of Schumacher Colleges installation in 1990, because different parts of it like Schumacher College have grown and bring in finances independently, as does Research in Practice and Dartington Plus which once again initiates music and the arts inside Dartington year round and in the local community of the West Country. And there is a renewed sense of coherence and inspiration in its values, now more clearly spelled out by the Trustees and new management.

    So what could Dartington say to us now about a different way of living? One absolutely basic thing is the primacy of land for the way of life, which is clearer to us in the country than the town. There are two farms on the estate and there used to be several more outside the central area. The principles and values for farming are only just becoming more organic indeed ironically some of the earliest intensive farming in England was introduced at Dartington in the mid 1920s because of Leonards wish to regenerate rural prosperity. Now there are plans to develop more experimentally again there is a beautiful Forest Garden of two acres developed by Martin Crawford: there have been several experiments in organic horticulture, and people are being encouraged to develop plans for alternative uses of the land. There are some wellknown organic and biodynamic farms and gardens in the local area. Hedgerows are being replanted and developed, and some of extensive tree plantations are reverting to a more natural woodland. Dartington Hall garden itself is a famous classical and beautiful sight, surrounding the Hall itself, and linking in the buildings, the more cultivated area and the countryside around, with every few yards a new perspective. There is now ecological work on the estate, using volunteers as well as paid staff to facilitate conditions for wildlife of which there is plenty, from deer, to otters, to many species of birds and plants. Devon is rich in mini-climates: Dartington is surrounded by the river Dart with water being constantly renewed from Dartmoor, with its deep brown peaty colour,

    In human terms, there have from the beginning been dramatically different nests of education, at every level. Now there is a kindergarten, a childcentred primary school, a College of Arts, Schumacher College and many conferences and courses. The most famous part of its system, the progressive Dartington School, was closed about twenty years ago but the building, Foxhole, lives on. Its not difficult to imagine the scenes of the thirties at the school when youre there Bill Curry the headteacher in his architect built house and his open system of teaching, the unconstrained children swimming naked in the river, the experiments in learning, the excitement, the influence of the East, the suspicion of the local Church.

    Music, art and drama continue: Ways with Words is now an annual event to which we all look forward with 200 authors there to speak to their published books. Theres a theatre cum cinema with no advertisements in a converted medieval barn. It is of course largely middle class but open to the whole countryside and to everyone on the estate. Its a community, where you see people day by day, week by week, in all sorts of circumstances and where life really can be lived abundantly, and people recognised, and you feel part of something significant, part of a greater whole: small enough to be familiar, large enough to be full of diversity. Isnt this the way humans are supposed to live together on (David Abram would say in) the land?

    Sources.

    The Archives at High Cross House,

    http://www.dartington.org

    Michael Young: The Elmhirsts of Dartington. 1996. The Dartington Hall Trust.

    Jean Hardy. Paper: A True Recognition of Dartington. 2004.

    Related Posts:

    • No Related Posts

  5. Agriculture in Canada

    Posted on October 17th, 2011 by admin

     
     

    History

    See also: History of Agricultureand Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas

    In the 17th century Samuel de Champlain and Gabriel Sagard recorded that the Iroquois and Huron cultivated the soil for maize or “Indian corn”. Maize (Zea mays), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), beans (phaseolus), squash (Cucurbita) and the sunflower (Helianthus annus) were grown throughout agricultural lands in North America by the 16th century. As early as 2300 BC evidence of squash was introduced to the northeastern woodlands region. Archaeological findings from 500 AD have shown corn cultivation in southern Ontario.

    Eastern Canada was settled well before the West. Immigration and trading posts came later to Rupert’s Land and the Northwest Territories. The early immigrants combined European agricultural and domestication procedures with the indigenous knowledge of the land and animals of the area.

    As early as 1605, the French Acadians built dikes in the Maritimes for wheat, flax, vegetables, pasturage and marshland farming. Dairy production is the main contribution of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, along with livestock and mixed farming ventures. A small percentage of land is put into use in fruit farming as well along Nova Scotia’s northwest coastal areas. The American Revolution, 1775-1783, and its attendant food decline resulted in 3100hectares cleared in Newfoundland. In the early 19th century Irish immigrants began arriving who cultivated the land in Newfoundland. A very small percentage of the land is suitable in Newfoundland and Labrador for horticultural or crop production because there is a lot of forested and tundra geography. The province has some dairy production and farming concerns. Following World War II, farm training was available at the Government Demonstration Farm. Bonuses were paid for such things as the purchase of pure-bred sires, land clearing, and agriculture exhibition assistance to name a few. The industry of fish processing for food is the largest agricultural contribution from Newfoundland. Newfoundland fisheries, supply cod for the most part, followed closely by herring, haddock, lobster, rose fish, seals, and whales. The fishing industry depends very heavily upon exports and world conditions.

    Agriculture in the West started with Peter Pond gardening plots at Lake Athabasca in 1778. Although large-scale agriculture was still many years off, Hudson’s Bay Company traders, gold rush miners, and missionaries cultivated crops, gardens and raised livestock. The Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut are covered with the Canadian Shield, and rocky outcrops, sub Arctic forest soils, and stony phases make up most of the geography. It is an area of comparatively smaller population and not commercially exploited for the most part. Whaling, prawns, and trapping food processing contribute to agricultural food production here.

    In New France hops, hemp and livestock were introduced in 1663. The seigneurial system of farming was adopted in Quebec. Quebec’s agricultural sector relies heavily on its fruit and vegetable production. In 1890, a competition began to encourage farmers to improve their farms to achieve the Agricultural Merit Order. County farm improvement contests were begun about 1930 involving over 5,000 farms and their evolution over five years. They have some interests in livestock and mixed farming and diary as well. St. Hyacinthe operated an artificial insemination station from 1951 for breeders clubs.

    Plowing via horse and hand held plow.

    The British enforced Corn (Cereal grains) laws, 1794-1846, protected the British agricultural sector from imports of British North American wheat. The Reciprocity Treaty, June 6, 1854, developed a trade agreement between Canada and the United States which affected trade of wheat grown in Ontario. Northern Ontario is mainly tundra and forested area, whereas southern Ontario has lands suitable for livestock and general farming as well as geography suitable for pasture and dairying industries. Fruit farming and tobacco farms can also be found in southern Ontario. Ontario is the largest producer of mixed grains, soybeans and shelled corn in the country.

    Ontario farm

    Lord Selkirk, founder of the Red River Colony, harvested the first wheat crop in the western prairies in 1814. Red Fife wheat was introduced in 1868. Swine were brought to the Red River colony as early as 1819. The frontier land of southwest Alberta and southeast Saskatchewan were opened to ranching in the 19th century. Manitoba has a combination of mixed grain, livestock, and mixed farming industries in its southernmost areas. Cattle ranching around Lake Manitoba is also quite successful. Northern Manitoba consists of extensive lakes and forested geographical areas. The Dominion Land Act of 1872 offered agricultural pioneers an opportunity to “prove up” a quarter section of land (160acres/65hectares]) in western Canada for a $ 10.00 filing fee and three years of improvements combined with residence on the land. Saskatchewan still has cattle ranching along its southwestern corner; grain farming and crops such as wheat, oats, flax, alfalfa, and rapeseed (especially canola) dominate the parkland area. Mixed grain farming, dairy farms, mixed livestock and grazing lands dot the central lowlands region of this prairie province.

    Alberta is renowned still for its stampedes, and cattle ranching is a main industry. The agricultural industry is supplemented by livestock and mixed farming and wheat crops. Alberta is the second largest producer of wheat in Canada. Grain and dairying also play a role in the livelihoods of Alberta farmers.

    Grain Elevators

    The open parkland area extends across the three prairie provinces: Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Canada’s production of wheat, oats, flaxseed, and barley come mainly from this area. Meat processing is the largest industry here, followed by dairy production, breweries, and the subsidiary industry of agricultural implements.

    British Columbia is covered in highlands; its eastern boundary is the Rocky Mountains. Livestock, cattle ranches, fruit farming and dairying dot the province. Agriculture and fisheries are a small contribution industry over shadowed by construction and forestry.

    Agricultural production in British Columbia supplied the gold rush industry, mining and logging industries. Agricultural producers relied on these local markets, following the economic boom and bust of each enterprise respectively. The British Columbia Fruit-Growers’ Association was established in 1889 to foster an export market of this commodity. The Canada Agriculture Museum preserves Canadian agricultural history.
    Canada Agriculture Museum

    Agricultural Museums

    Canada Agriculture Museum

    Manitoba Agricultural Museum

    Ross Farm Museum

    Central Experimental Farm

    Agriculture in Canada

    Ontario Agricultural Museum

    Major agricultural products

    See also: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

    Agriculture in Canada comprises five main agricultural production sectors of commodity production resulting in farm cash receipts from both domestic and foreign markets.

    Five Largest Agricultural Production Sectors.

    Sector

    per cent cash receipt

    Primary market

    grains and oilseeds

    (wheat, durum, oats, barley, rye, flax seed, canola, soybeans,rice,and corn)

    34%

    domestic and export

    red meats – livestock

    (beef cattle, hogs, veal, and lamb)

    27%

    domestic and export

    dairy

    12%

    domestic

    horticulture

    9%

    domestic

    poultry and eggs

    8%

    domestic

    Various factors affect the socio-economic characteristics of Canadian agriculture.

    Alberta modern cement grain elevator

    Agricultural analytical factors

    Quantity and type of farms

    Biogeography: crop and land use areas; land management practices

    Quantity of livestock and poultry

    Agricultural engineering: Farm machinery and equipment

    Farm capital

    Farm operating expenses and receipts

    Farm-related injuries

    Crops

    See also: Canadian Grain Commissionand Canadian Wheat Board

    Wheat head close up view

    In 2008, Saskatchewan produced over half of the wheat in the Dominion of Canada, threshing in excess of over 9000 bushels (577000 metric tons) of wheat. North America has led other international continents as the main producer of wheat in total world production. Rapeseed, alfalfa, barley, canola, flax, rye, and oats are other popularly grown grain crops.

    Wheat is a staple crop from Canada. To help homesteaders attain an abundance harvest in a foreshortened growing season, varieties of wheat were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century. Red Fife was the first strain; it was a wheat which could be seeded in the fall and sprout in the early spring. Red Fife ripened nearly two weeks sooner and was a harder wheat than other spring wheats. Dr. C. Saunders, experimented further with Red Fife, and developed Marquis Wheat, which was resistant to rust and came to maturity within 100 days. Some other types of wheat grown are durum, spelt, and winter wheat. In recent years Canadian farmers have also began to grow rice due to the increase in the Asian population in Canada.

    The Prairie Farm Recreational Administration was established in 2008 to provide Federal financial assistance in regards to the global economical crisis. The Prairie Farm Recreational Administration provides farmers with land and water resources such as irrigation, soil drifting conservation and small farm water development. The Farm credit program has established the Canadian Farm Loan Act to provide stock bonds and farm improvement loans.
    Horticulture

    Vegetable Displays

    Horticulture which includes garden crops, and fruits became easier to grow with the development of plant hardiness zones. Apples, pears, plums and prunes, peaches, apricots, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, loganberries and fruit orchards are numerous and reach commercial size in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Niagara Peninsula and Norfolk County of Ontario and Okanagan Valley of British Columbia.

    Hazelnuts are harvested in Eastern Canada and British Columbia. Maple syrup and maple sugar, maple butter, and maple taffy are products of Quebec along the St. Lawrence River. The main market for Canadian maple syrup and sugar is the United States Potatoes are an abundant harvest of the Maritime provinces. Tobacco is an agricultural commodity from the Ontario tobacco belt, in particular Norfolk County, adjacent to Lake Erie and Quebec. Sugar beets and beet root sugar are harvested in Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta.

    Viticulture

    Viticulture refers to the growing of grapes. Grapes require a mild winter season, which can be found in some Maritime locations, southern British Columbia, and locations on the Niagara Peninsula.

    Livestock

    Prize Bull

    115,000 cattle roamed the southern prairies by 1900. Livestock can include the raising of cows, also commonly called cattle. Recently domestication of the buffalo and elk has initiated a new food industry. Sheep have been raised for both wool and meat. Bovine or pig barns have been a part of livestock culture. Scientists have been making forward steps in swine research giving rise to intensive pig farming. The domestication of various farm animals meant that corresponding industries such as feedlots, animal husbandry and meat processing have also been studied, and developed.

    Dairy, poultry and eggs

    See also: National Farm Products Council

    Chickens pecking at feed

    Fowl, poultry, eggs, chickens, geese, ducks and turkeys are part of a supply-managed system, ensuring production matches demand.

    Dairy producing is also termed dairy farming. Butter production in Canada was on average 330,000,000pounds (150,000t) in the 1940s; and cheese production between 95,000,000 pounds and 208,000,000 pounds (43,000t to 94,000t) in that same time. The United Kingdom received 50,000,000 pounds (23,000t) in 1949.

    The Canadian Dairy Commission Act was passed in 1966 by the Canadian federal Government

    to provide efficient producers of milk and cream with the opportunity of obtaining a fair return for their labour and investment and to provide consumers with a continuous and adequate supply of dairy products of high quality.

    Canadian Dairy Commission

    . In the 1970s the supply management system came into effect to regulate supply of milk, poultry and egg to meet consumer demand. The collective marketing ensures that imports are limited in areas where product can be supplied domestically. The federal government imposed pricing policies to safeguard the producer’s livelihood.

    Other

    In recent years farmers are producing alternative crops which are economically viable, and amongst these are organic farm crops. Hemp and wool from sheep are the main areas of fiber production of Canada. Wool production was on average 16,022,000 pounds (7,267t) in the 1930s and 9,835,000 pounds] (4,461t) in 1949. Fibre flax from flaxseed has been exported to the United Kingdom. Crop growers may supplement their income with beeswax and honey and learn beekeeping which is overseen by the apiary branch. Enterprising land owners have had success growing as well as packaging and marketing the sunflower seed. Crops are not only for human consumption but also for animal consumption, which opens a new market such as canary seed. Cuniculture, or rabbit farming are a new grocery alternative to the red meat burger. Cannabis is an important crop in some areas, making up 5% of British Columbia’s GDP. According to BC Business Magazine, the crop is worth $ 7.5 billion to the province annually, and gives employment to 250,000 people . Qubec produces an even bigger crop.

    Canadian agricultural government departments

    The Department of Agriculture set out in the British North America Act (B.N.A.) of 1867 states each province may have jurisdiction over agricultural concerns, as well as the Dominion Government may also make law in regards to agriculture. Newfoundland agricultural affairs were dealt with by the Agricultural Division of the Department of Natural Resources at Confederation.

    The B.N.A. Act states that the federal Government has sole authority in coastal and inland fishery matters. Provinces have rts over non-tidal waters and fishing practices there only.

    Canadian agricultural government departments

    Department

    Function

    Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

    Responsible for policies governing agriculture production, farming income, research and development, inspection, and the regulation of animals and plants. Headed by the Minister of Agriculture (Canada).

    Canadian Dairy Commission

    Responsible for providing dairy producers a fair return for labour and investment and provide consumers with high quality dairy products.

    Canadian Food Inspection Agency

    CFIA consolidates the delivery of all federal food, animal and plant health inspection programs.

    Canadian Grain Commission

    Responsible for the grain industry. Headed by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-food

    Canadian Wheat Board

    Fisheries and Oceans Canada

    Responsibility for the conservation and sustainable use of Canada’s fisheries resources.

    National Farm Products Council

    Responsible for promoting efficient and competitive agriculture in Canada and oversees the Canadian Egg Marketing Agency, Canadian Turkey Marketing Agency, Chicken Farmers of Canada and Canada Hatching Egg Producers.

    Agricultural economy

    See also: Crow Rateand Western Economic Diversification Canada

    Canadian farms, fisheries and ranches produce a wide variety of crops, livestock, food, feed, fiber, fuel and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals which are dependent upon the geography of the province. In 2001 farms numbered only 246,923 at a size of 676acres (2.74km) as the production of food and fiber for human or livestock sustenance has evolved into intensive and industrial practices. As of 2002, wheat constituted the largest crop area at 12.6%. Canadian farmers received a record $ 36.3 billion in 2001 from livestock, crop sales and program payments. In 2001, the accrued net income of farm operators from farm production amounted to 1,633 million dollars, which amounts to 0.147% of Canada’s gross domestic product at market prices which is 1,108,200 million dollars. Fisheries are also playing an important role while forestry plays a secondary role. Canada’s evolution has abandoned subsistence techniques and now sees a mere 3% of Canada’s population employed as a mechanized industrial farmer who are able feed the rest of the nation’s population of 30,689.0 thousand people (2001) as well as export to foreign markets.. (Canada’s estimated population was 32,777,300 on January 1, 2007).

    Trade

    The marketing and economic movement of Canada’s various agriculture commodities has been a challenge. Domestic trade encompasses providing goods within Canada provincially and inter-provincial. Support agencies and services such as storage, railways, warehouses, stores, banking institutions all effect domestic trade. Trade of wheat from the ‘Bread basket of the World’ or Canada’s prairies are monitored by the Canadian Wheat Board. Canada’s depression of 1882-1897 brought a low of 64 cents per bushel ($ 24/t) as of 1893. This era during Laurier’s administration saw thousands of homesteads cancelled. Wheat prices soared during World War I. In 1928, Canada exported high quantities of wheat, flour, and goods. The depression took its toll on Canada as exports sunk to approximately 40% of their 1928 amount. European markets stopped needing to import Canadian wheat as they started growing their own varieties, and then World War II events put a blockade on trade to European markets. Canada became more of an industrial entity during the time of this industrial revolution, and less of an agricultural nation. Following World War II the United Kingdom entered into contract for a large amount of agricultural commodities such as bacon, cheese, wheat, oats and barley. After the United Kingdom, the United States is Canada’s largest external trade partner. Between 1943 and 1953, the average export of Canadian wheat was 347,200,000 bushels (9,449,000 t). The three year International Wheat Agreement of 1955, included exports of wheat or flour to 28 of 44 importing countries including Germany, Japan, Belgium, UK, and the Netherlands.

    Agribusiness

    Agribusiness are activities of food and fibre production and processing which are not part of the farm operation. This would include the production of farm equipment and fertilizers to aid farm production. Agribusiness also includes the firms that purchase the raw goods from the farm for further processing. The meat packing industry, flour mill, and canning industry would be included in the agribusiness sector processing farm products.

    Industry categories

    According to Agriculture and Food Canada, these are the classifications of Canadian Agriculture Industries.

    Canadian Agriculture Industries

    Industry

    Mainstay

    Brewery industry

    Comprises two large national beer producing companies: Labatt Breweries of Canada and Molson Canada Breweries

    Buckwheat industry

    Buckwheat flour is used for pancake mixes and pasta. Buckwheat is exported mainly to Japan. Majority of this specialty crop grown in Manitoba
    Canary seed industry

    In 2005, Canada produced 77% of the world canary seed production. Saskatchewan soils were conducive to bird seed production.

    Confectionery and chewing gum industry

    Sugar and cocoa are imported for this industry which has foreign owned firms operating in Canada. Various candies amounting to $ 1.48 billion were shipped in 1997.
    Dairy industry

    In the Canadian agri-food economy the dairy industry is the third largest.

    Dairy genetics industry

    The Canadian Record of Performance R.O.P. program discovers dairy cattle of high producing milk capacities. Cattle qualities are monitored by the Canadian Dairy Herd Improvement milk producing agency.(Canadian DHI).

    Distillery industry

    Canadian whisky made from rye and corn is the main aspect of this Canadian industry. The distillery industry also includes production of whisky, rum, vodka, gin, liqueurs, spirit coolers and basic ethyl alcohol.

    Egg industry

    Evolved into an automated industry producing table eggs, enzymes, breaker eggs, processed foods, and supporting pullet producers, egg laying chicken (layers) producers and graders.

    Fish and seafood industry

    This industry produces CDN $ 5 billion a year. The world’s fourth-largest exporter of fish is Canada, from the Atlantic fishery, Pacific fishery and aquaculture sector.
    Forage industry

    This industry comprises feed for livestock, cattle, sheep and horses. Hay is the main forage crop, supplemented by alfalfa, cereals, peas and corn. Besides domestic markets, exports from Canada arrive at Pacific Rim Countries.

    Fruit industry

    Tree fruit grower crops consist of apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, and sweet cherry, followed by wine grape areas. The industry supports fresh, canned, frozen and preserved fruits as well as food production. Tree fruit grower crops consist of apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, and sweet cherry, followed by wine grape areas. The industry supports fresh, canned, frozen and preserved fruits as well as food production.

    Grains and oilseeds industry

    Wheat, barley and oats are Canada’s grain exports. Canola, soybean and flaxseed are the main oilseed exports.

    Grain-based products industry

    Grain and oilseed production supports flour milling, malt manufacturing, starch, vegetable fat and oil manufacturing as well as breakfast cereal manufacturing

    Hemp industry

    Spin off industries from Hemp production include aromatherapy, commercial oil paints, cosmetics, edible oil, garments and accessories, hemp meal and flour, snack foods, shampoo and conditioners, and moisturizers.

    Honey industry

    Beeswax produces cosmetics, ointments, candles and household waxes. A diet supplement is made from bee pollen. Propolis and royal jelly is used in cosmetics, creams, lotions, tonics and lip balms. Honey is a sweetener for domestic use or commercial food production.
    Industrial agriculture (animals)

    Factory farming, Intensive pig farming, Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture, and shrimp farming are various forms of industrial agriculture which aims at mass production

    Industrial agriculture

    Includes innovation in agricultural machinery and farming methods, genetic technology, techniques for achieving economies of scale in production, the creation of new markets for consumption, the application of patent protection to genetic information, and global trade

    Maple syrup industry

    Maple syrup can be used to make maple sugar, maple butter, maple taffy as well as a sweetener.
    Mustard seed industry

    Yellow mustard is the highest export, closely followed by brown and oriental mustards. 2007 saw an increase in mustard seed prices.

    Organic industry

    Operational certification and standards are challenges for the growing organic farming industry. Organic farming with biodynamics and without synthetic chemicals provides the consumer a holistic plant and animal food choice.
    Potato industry

    Potato Innovation Network (PIN) 2020 was initiated in 2006 to support development of new markets, and new uses for potatoes in market diversification.

    Poultry industry

    Avian Influenza (“Bird Flu”) is the latest concern in the poultry industry however disease precautions are in place if this strain arrives in Canada.
    Processed fruit and vegetable industry

    Processing of fruits and vegetables includes consumer products of canned, cider, frozen, jams, jellies and marmalades, pickles, sauces, soups, vegetable and fruit juices and vinegar.

    Pulse industry

    Beans, chickpeas, faba beans, and lentils comprise the pulse industry. Peas soup, and baked beans are large production processes from pulse growth. The world’s largest pulse exporter is Canada.

    Red meat industry

    This is Canada’s fourth major manufacturing industry. Cattle, calves, hogs, sheep, lambs, venison, bison are all domesticated for red meat export and domestic consumption.
    Seed industry

    Seed growers, field inspectors, registered seed establishments, seed trial plots, and seed retailers are the mainstays of seed production.

    Snack food industry

    Cereal grains, cornmeal, nuts, oils , potatoes, and seeds are the major ingredients of snack foods such as potato chips, mixed nuts, peanut butter, pork rinds, and seed snacks.

    Sunflower seed industry

    About 80 per cent sunflowers grown in Canada are sold as roasted snack sunflower seeds or without the shell for baking. The main consumer is domestic. Birdfeed and sunflower vegetable oils are smaller markets which are being developed.

    Vegetable industry

    The edible portion of a plant is a vegetable. Vegetables can be marketed fresh or as part of the processed fruit and vegetable industry. The greenhouse vegetable industry supports the field vegetable farmer.

    Wine industry

    Canadian vintners producing wines with unique aromas, aging characteristics and flavors bring in international awards. The grape hybrid from the native Canadian species bred with wine producing grapes results in a grape for a shorter, cooler growing season, and a quality not found elsewhere.

    Agricultural Science

    Agricultural science began developing new styles of farming and strains of wheat and crops so that farming could become a successful venture. Farming methods were developed at places such as Indian Head Experimental Farm, Rosthern Experimental Station, and Bell Farm. The Better Farming Train traveled around rural areas educating pioneer farmers. The 1901 census showed 511,100 farms and the number of farms peaked in 1941 at a record 732,800 farms.. The industrial revolution modernized the farming industry as mechanized vehicles replaced the oxen ploughed land or the horse drawn cart. Farms became much larger, and mechanized evolving towards industrial agriculture.

    Production

    See also: List of countries by GDP sector composition

    Farming activities were very labour intensive before the industrial revolution and the advent of tractors, combines, balers, etc. In the late 1800s to mid 1900s, a great percentage of the Canadian labour force was engaged in high labour, smaller farming practices. After mechanization, scientific advancement, improved marketing practices farms became more efficient, larger and less labour intensive. The labour population was freed up and went to industry, government, transportation, trade and finance. Agriculture, stock raising and horticulture employed one-fourth of the Canadian population according to the 1951 census as well as providing products for exports and Canadian manufacturing concerns.

    Farm equipment

    The Oliver plow was in use by 1896 which could cut through the prairie sod. Binders which could cut and tie grain for the harvest season and grain elevators for storage were introduced in the late 1800s as well. Plows, tractors, spreaders, combines to name a few are some mechanized implements for the grain crop or horticultural farmer which are labour saving devices. Many Canadian museums such as Reynolds-Alberta Museum will showcase the evolution and variety of farm machinery.

    Harvest of Wheat via combine

    Challenges

    The depression and drought of the Dirty Thirties was devastating. This drought resulted in a mass exodus of population from the prairies, as well as new agricultural practices such as soil conservation, and crop rotation.

    Soil conservation practices such as crop rotation, cover crops, and windbreaks to name a few were massively developed and set in forth upon recovering from the drought experiences of the dirty thirties. Literally layers and layers of topsoil would be blowing away during this time. Bow River Irrigation Project, Red Deer River Project and the St. Mary Irrigation project of Alberta, were a few of the major projects undertaken by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act (P.F.R.A.) resulting in reservoirs, and distribution systems. A current project is Liming (soil) soil liming at the Land Resource Research Institute. Wheat diseases such as wheat bunt and stinking smut can be successfully treated with a fungicide. Disease of plants and animals can break an agricultural producer. Tuberculosis in animals was an early threat, and cattle needed to be tested, and areas accredited in 1956. The newer disease such as chronic wasting disease or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) affects both elk and deer. Elk and deer raising is a pioneer field of domestication, has had a setback with this disease. Mad cow disease in cattle and scrapie of sheep are monitored by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. The poultry sector was plagued by Pullorum disease, and by controlling the flock via poultry husbandry, this disease has been brought under control.

    Plants whose traits can be modified to survive a disease or insect have made inroads into Canadian agricultural practices. Cereal rusts which can destroy the majority of areas seeded to wheat, was controlled in 1938 by breeding strains which were rust-resistant. This strain was successful until around 1950, when again a new variety of rust broke out, and again a new species of wheat called Selkirk was developed which was rust resistant. Biotechnology is the center of new research and regulations affecting agriculture this century.

    Developmental and educational institutions

    To increase the viability of agriculture as an economic lifestyle several improvements have been made by various nationwide educational facilities. Inroads and innovations have been made in the diverse fields of agricultural science, agricultural engineering, agricultural soil science, Sustainable agriculture, Agricultural productivity, agronomy, biodiversity, bioengineering, irrigation and swine research for example.

    Canadian developmental and educational institutions

    Institution

    Research Programme

    Animal Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory

    AEBL researches artificial insemination, embryo biotechnology to improve genetic breeding requirements.

    Central Experimental Farm

    Scientific research for improvement in agricultural methods and crops. Features the Canada Agriculture Museum, Dominion Arboretum, and Ornamental Gardens.

    Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute

    CCOVI provides research to enable the growing grapes and production of wine in cooler climates.

    Devonian Botanical Garden

    Emphasis on alpine and cold-hardy plants along with wetland ecology, biology of microfungi, horticulture, and phenology research.

    Fisheries Centre

    Research of aquatic ecosystems and collaboration with Maritime communities, government, and NGOs

    List of botanical gardens in Canada

    Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre

    NAFC is a part of the Canadian research facility of the Science, Oceans and Environment (SOE) branch and Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) provides marine and aquatic research and conservation.

    Nova Scotia Agricultural College

    Field and animal husbandry studies.

    Ontario Horticultural Association

    Regional horticultural associations promote education about horticulture.

    University of Saskatchewan Agriculture & Bioresources College

    Agricultural and bioresource engineering , economics, agronomy, animal Science, environmental science, food and applied microbiological sciences, large animal clinical sciences , plant sciences, and soil science

    Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization

    The VIDO facility develops DNA-enhanced immunization vaccines for both humans and animals.

    See also

    Canadian Agricultural Safety Association

    Pesticides in Canada

    References

    ^ “Welcome to AAFC Online”. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Government of Canada. 2008-01-24. http://www.agr.gc.ca/index_e.php.

    ^ Blanger, Claude (2004). “Indian agriculture – Indians of Canada and Quebec”. Marianopolis College. http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/agricultureindian.htm.

    ^ Dickason, Olive Patricia (1997), Canada’s First Nations A History of Founding Peoples from Earliest Times (second ed.), Toronto: Oxford University Press, doi:page 20-22, ISBN 0-19-541358-X

    ^ Dick, Lyle; Taylor, Jeff (2008). “Agriculture, History of”. The Canadian Encyclopaedia. Historica Foundation of Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895090. Retrieved 2008-01-28.

    ^ Dick, Lyle; Taylor, Jeff (2008). “Agriculture, History of: Newfoundland”. The Canadian Encyclopaedia. Historica Foundation of Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895091. Retrieved 2008-01-28.

    ^ Cadigan, Sean (1998). “Agriculture: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage”. http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/agriculture.html. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ Dick, Lyle; Taylor, Jeff (2008). “Agriculture, History of”. The Canadian Encyclopaedia. Historica Foundation of Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895096. Retrieved 2008-01-28.

    ^ “Northwest Territories Agriculture” (PDF). Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry. http://www.farmnwt.com/State of the Industry 2000.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ Dick, Lyle; Taylor, Jeff (2008). “Quebec. Agriculture, History of”. The Canadian Encyclopaedia. Historica Foundation of Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895092. Retrieved 2008-01-28.

    ^ a b c d e f g Cloutier, Edmond, ed (1951). The Canada Year Book 1951 The Official Statistical Annual of the Resources, History, Institutions, and Social and Economic Conditions of Canada. King’s Printer and Controller of Stationery. ISBN 0-7715-8268-4.

    ^ “2001 Census of Agriculture – Agriculture in Quebec”. Sharp decline in number of farms in Quebec. 2001 Census of Agriculture. 2003-12-02. http://www.statcan.ca/english/agcensus2001/first/regions/farmqc.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ Masters, D.C. (2008). “Reciprocity Agriculture, History of”. The Canadian Encyclopaedia. Historica Foundation of Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006710. Retrieved 2008-01-28.

    ^ “The Archives of Ontario Celebrates Our Agricultural Past”. Archives of Ontario. 2006-09-25. http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/ENGLISH/exhibits/agriculture/index.html. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ Hubner, Brian (998,). “History of Agriculture in the Prairie Provinces”. University of Manitoba Libraries. http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/archives/exhibits/agric_exper/agric_prairies/history.html. Retrieved 2008-01-28.

    ^ Deveson, Morris; Bill & Sue-On Hillman Eclectic Studio (1995-02-28). “Manitoba History: Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame”. Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame Inc.. http://www.mts.net/~agrifame/histormb.html. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ Adamson, Julia (March 25, 2007). “Saskatchewan Gen Web Project – Homestead Information”. rootsweb. http://www.rootsweb.com/~cansk/Saskatchewan/homestead.html. Retrieved 2007-04-07.

    ^ “Saskatchewan Agricultural Hall of Fame”. zu.com communications inc.. 2006. http://www.sahf.ca/. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ “Alberta Agriculture and Food: Home Page”. http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/app21/rtw/index.jsp. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ “History of Agriculture in the Prairie Provinces”. Archives of the Agricultural Experience. University of Manitoba Archives Special Collections, the Libraries. 1998. http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/exhibits/agric_exper/agric_prairies/history.html. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ “British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries”. 2007-03-16. http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/fisheries/index.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ Dick, Lyle; Taylor, Jeff (2008). “British Columbia. Agriculture, History of”. The Canadian Encyclopaedia. Historica Foundation of Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895095. Retrieved 2008-01-28.

    ^ “Canada Agriculture Museum – Splash Page – Muse de l’agriculture”. Canada Science and Technology Museum Corporation. Ottawa, Canada. http://www.agriculture.technomuses.ca/. Retrieved 2008-01-29.

    ^ Canadian Federation of Agriculture (2007), CFA – Canadian Federation of Agriculture – Commodities, http://www.cfa-fca.ca/pages/index.php?main_id=25, retrieved 2007-04-06

    ^ “2006 Census of Agriculture Highlights and analyses”. Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. 007-10-26. http://www.statcan.ca/english/agcensus2006/highlights.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-06.

    ^ Adamson, J, 1926 Highway Map: Province of Saskatchewan, http://www.rootsweb.com/~canmaps/1926/v.html, retrieved 2006-11-29

    ^ Symko, Stephan; Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada (2003-08-27). “From a single seed Tracing the Marquis wheat success story in Canada to its roots in the poop”. Cat. No. A22-197/1999E-IN ISBN 0-662-28145-4. Research Branch Agriculture and Agri Food Canada. http://res2.agr.ca/publications/marquis/page09_e.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ a b Cloutier, Edmond, ed (1956). Canada 1956 The Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress. Queen’s Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa..

    ^ Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, National Land and Water Information Service Plant Hardiness Zones in Canada, http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/climate/hardiness/intro.html, retrieved 2006-11-28

    ^ Sage Internet Solutions. ((c) 1998 – 2006). “Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada”. Shangaan Webservices Inc.. http://www.okanaganbritishcolumbia.com/. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ “Canadian Biodiversity: Species: Plants: European hazel or hazelnut”. Canadian Biodiversity Web Site. Redpath Museum, McGill University. http://canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca/english/species/plants/plantpages/cor_ave.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ “Canadian maple syrup – A Taste of Canada: Our Homegrown Cuisine – CBC Archives”. Canaian Broadcasting Corporation. 2004-06-25 Broadcast December 13, 1978. http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-69-1371-8371/life_society/canadian_food/clip4.

    ^ “PEI Potatoes! Prince Edward Island Potato Board – Why PEI Potatoes …”. PEI Potato Board. 2003-07-08. http://www.peipotato.org/why_pei.asp. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ SEYMOUR, C.M.; Revised: PHILIP GORDON. “Tobacco-Products Industry”. 2007 Historica Foundation of Canada.. The Canadian Encyclopedia. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008029. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ “Special Crops”. Canada’s Sugar Beet Industry. Government of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, special Crops. 2007-04-08. http://www.agr.gc.ca/misb/spec/index_e.php?s1=bet&page=intro. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ a b “The Atlas of Canada – Grape Area in Production, 2001″. Natural Resources Canada. 2004-09-02. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/economic/agriculture/agriculture2001/grapes. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ Torsten, Bernhardt. “Canadian Biodiversity: Wood bison”. Wood bison. Redpath Museum, McGill University. http://biology.mcgill.ca/undergra/c465a/biodiver/2001/wood-bison/wood-bison.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ Thorleifson, Ian (2003-07-24). “Elk on a beef farm”. Deerfarmer. http://www.deer-library.com/artman/publish/article_40.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ “Canadian Sheep Breeders’ Association”. 2007 BC Sheep Federation. 2007-01-29. http://www.bcsheepfed.com/.

    ^ BLAIR, R.. “Pig Farming”. 2007 Historica Foundation of Canada.. The Canadian Encyclopedia. http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003805. Retrieved 2007-04-10.

    ^ Canadian Federation of Agriculture (2007), CFA – Canadian Federation of Agriculture – Commodities, http://www.cfa-fca.ca/pages/index.php?main_id=25

    ^ “Poultry Marketplace – Poultry at a glance”, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada (Government of Canada), http://www.agr.gc.ca/poultry/glpl_e.htm, retrieved 2008-11-28

    ^ Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian Dairy Commission; Dairy Farmers of Canada, Dairy Processors Association of Canada., Canadian Dairy Information Centre Centre Canadien, http://www.dairyinfo.gc.ca/, retrieved 2006-11-28

    ^ “The Canadian Dairy Commission Act was proclaimed. Supply …” (PDF). Canadian Dairy Commission. Government of Canada. 2000-01-20. http://www.cdc-ccl.gc.ca/DCPCDC/app/filerepository/4F4F2F3B066D434C830B026AF00F95E3.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-16.

    ^ “Canadian Dairy Commission / Commission canadienne du lait”. Canadian Dairy Commission. Government of Canada. 2006-04-07. http://www.cdc.ca/CDC/index_en.asp?caId=123&pgId=2217. Retrieved 2008-01-16.

    ^ “WTO and Agriculture Supply management”. G05. GO5 Coalition for a Fair Farming Model, Supply Management. 2008. http://www.go5quebec.ca/en/gestion.php. Retrieved 2008-01-16.

    ^ Statistics Canada. “2001 Census of Agriculture – Canadian farm operations in the 21st century”. http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/020515/td020515.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-08.

    ^ a b c “Farming in Canada”. The Economy > Primary industries. Statistics Canada. 2004-08-26. http://www43.statcan.ca/03/03b/03b_002_e.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-29.

    ^ Statistics Canada, The Canada e-Book (2004-08-26), The Economy Statistics Canada, http://www43.statcan.ca/03/03b/03b_002_e.htm, retrieved 2007-04-07

    ^ Statistics Canada, The Canada e-Book, The Population Statistics Canada, http://142.206.72.67/02/02a/02a_000_e.htm#t01, retrieved 2007-04-07

    ^ The Daily, Thursday, March 29, 2007. Canada’s population estimates, http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/070329/d070329b.htm, retrieved 2007-04-07

    ^ Kerr, D.G.G., ed (1959). A Historical Atlas of Canada. Thomas Nelson and Sons (Canada) Ltd..

    ^ [Kerr, D.G.G., ed (1959). A Historical Atlas of Canada. Thomas Nelson and Sons (Canada) Ltd..

    ^ "agribusiness". Encyclopedia Britannica Micropaedia. 1. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica Inc.. 1985. pp.153154.

    ^ Moncrieff, P.M. (1985). "Agribusiness". The Canadian Encyclopedia Britannica. 1 A-For. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers. pp.17.

    ^ Canada's Agriculture, Food and Beverage Industry - Factsheets, http://ats.agr.ca/supply/factsheet-e.htm, retrieved 2006-11-28

    ^ Brewing Industry, http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000980, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ BUCKWHEAT PRODUCTION IN CANADA Market Report, http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/specialcrops/pdf/bib03s01.pdf, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Canary Seed > Pulses and Special Crops > Producers, http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?issn=1174582426353&lang=e, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Barratt, Robert F., Confectionery Industry, http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?issn=1174582426353&lang=e, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Werry, Marlene - Client Account Officer/OMAFRA, A Snapshot of the Canadian Dairy Industry, http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/dairy/facts/snapshot.htm, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ A Snapshot of the Canadian Dairy Industry, http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/dairy/facts/snapshot.htm, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ The Canadian Distillery Industry > Agri-Industries, http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?issn=1171995761751&lang=e, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Poultry Marketplace, http://www.agr.gc.ca/poultry/preg-proe_e.htm, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Canada's Fish and Seafood Industry, http://atn-riae.agr.ca/seafood/industry-e.htm, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Forage, http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/A27-18-14-7E.pdf, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Barratt, Robert (2007) ([dead link] Scholar search), Fruit Growers News, http://www.fruitgrowersnews.com/pages/2003/issue03_11/03_11_BCfruit.html, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Barratt, Robert (2007) ([dead link] Scholar search), Fruit Growers News, http://www.fruitgrowersnews.com/pages/2003/issue03_11/03_11_BCfruit.html, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Barratt, Robert (2007), “Fruit and Vegetable Industry”, The Canadian Encyclopedia (Historica Foundation of Canada.), http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003089, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ “Canada”, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Government of Canada), 2006-05-23, http://www.strategis.gc.ca/canadian_industry_statistics/cis.nsf/IDE/cis3112gdpe.html, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ “GDP – NAICS 3112 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Grain and Oilseed Milling”, Industry Canada (Government of Canada), 2006-05-23, http://www.strategis.gc.ca/canadian_industry_statistics/cis.nsf/IDE/cis3112gdpe.html, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ “Industrial Hemp Production in Canada”, Alberta Agriculture and food, http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$ department/deptdocs.nsf/all/econ9631, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Commercial Honey Industry, http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$ department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex2743, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ “The Maple Syrup Industry in Ontario: Answers to Commonly Asked …”, Government of Ontario (Queen’s Printer for Ontario), 2007, http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/maple.htm, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Food Industry News. Canada Mustard-Seed Price Rises Sharply on Lower Output (DJ), Friday, 18 January 2008, 18:14, http://www.flex-news-food.com/pages/11747/Canada/Ingredients/canada_mustard_seed_price_rises_sharply_lower_output_dj.html, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ “Organic Farming in Canada: An Overview (PRB 00-29E)”, Parliamentary Research Branch (Government of Canada), 2002-10-24, http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/prb0029-e.htm, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ “Canada Potato News – Agriculture Industry Today News release AAFC HELPS LAUNCH POTATO INNOVATION NETWORK”, Parliamentary Research Branch (Government of Canada), July 21, 2006, http://www.agr.gc.ca/cb/index_e.php?s1=n&s2=2006&page=n60721, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ http://www.poultryindustrycouncil.ca/, Poultry Industry Council of Canada., 2006, http://www.poultryindustrycouncil.ca/, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Barratt, Robert (2007), “Fruit and Vegetable Industry”, The Canadian Encyclopedia (Historica Foundation of Canada.), http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003089, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Pulse Industry, http://www.saskpulse.com/industry/index.php, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ “All about Canada’s red meat industry”, Agriculture and Agri food Canada (Government of Canada), http://www4.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/pdf/factsheet06.pdf, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ The Seed Industry , http://www.seedquest.com/hosting/germination/sharingthemessage/seed_industry.pdf, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Canada, http://atn-riae.agr.ca/supply/factsheets/3320_e.pdf, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ ([dead link] Scholar search) National Sunflower Association of Canada Inc., http://www.canadasunflower.com/research-statistics.html, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture: Vegetable Industry, http://www.gov.pe.ca/af/agweb/index.php3?number=79744, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Wines of Canada – Modern History, http://www.canadianvintners.com/woc/modernhistory.html, retrieved 2008-01-13

    ^ Smith, Allan E.. “The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Agriculture Canada Research Stations”. Western Economic Diversification Canada and the Government of Saskatchewan.. CANADIAN PLAINS RESEARCH CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF REGINA. http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/agriculture_canada_research_stations.html. Retrieved 2007-04-11.

    ^ [JONES, STEPHEN MORGAN. "Canadian Encyclopedia". Research Stations, Agricultural. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006783. Retrieved 2007-04-11.

    ^ Hawkes, John (June 15, 2005). "Saskatchewan Gen Web Project - SASKATCHEWAN AND ITS PEOPLE by JOHN HAWKES". Bell Farm. Julia Adamson Rootsweb.com. http://www.rootsweb.com/~cansk/SaskatchewanAndItsPeople/Volume2/index.html. Retrieved 2007-04-11.

    ^ Hawkes, John (June 15, 2005). "SASKATCHEWAN AND ITS PEOPLE". Saskatchewan Gen Web Project Vol I 1924. http://www.rootsweb.com/~cansk/SaskatchewanAndItsPeople/VolumeII/index.html. Retrieved 2007-04-11.

    ^ valley, brandon, "Tables by subject Agriculture Statistics Canada", Statistics Canada, http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/ind01/l2_920.htm, retrieved 2006-11-28

    ^ McCormick Reaper Centennial Source Material (International Harvester Company: Chicago) 1931., Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station (November 30, 2006), Grain Harvesting, http://www.vaes.vt.edu/steeles/mccormick/harvest.html

    ^ "Drought Watch web site". Government of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration. 2002-02-03. http://www.agr.gc.ca/pfra/drought/index_e.htm. Retrieved 2006-11-28.

    ^ Turner, R.C. (1965), "A Study of Lime Potential", Soil Science: 14, http://scholar.google.ca/scholar?q=info:VT442wAXDoAJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&lr=&output=viewport&shm=1&pg=1

    ^ "One Hundred Harvests Research Branch Agriculture Canada 1886-1986". Historical series / Agriculture Canada - Srie historique / Agriculture Canada. Government of Canada. http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/agrican/pubweb/hs27cover.asp. Retrieved 2008-12-22. Note this link loads slowly

    ^ Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance; Pyron Technologies, Inc., Chronic Wasting Disease, http://www.cwd-info.org/index.php/fuseaction/about.main, retrieved 2006-11-28

    ^ Canadian Food Inspection Agency. "Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE in North America". http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/bseesbindexe.shtml. Retrieved 2006-11-28.

    ^ "Animal Health Scrapies Manual of Procedures Module 1 and 2". Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Government of Canada. http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/man/scrtre/scrtre-1-2e.shtml. Retrieved 2006-11-28.

    ^ "Genetically modified crops: steady growth in Ontario and Quebec", Statistics Canada, 2002-12-06, http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=21-004-X20021126389, retrieved 2006-11-28

    ^ CanadiaBranch Office of Biotechnologyn Food Inspection Agency, [http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/sci/biotech/gen/terexpe.shtml "- Animal Health - Scrapie's Manual of Procedures - Module 1 and 2"], Canadian Food Inspection Agency, http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/sci/biotech/gen/terexpe.shtml, retrieved 2006-11-28

    ^ Small, E. New crops for Canadian agriculture. p. 1552. In: J. Janick (ed.), Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA. (1999.). “New crops for Canadian agriculture.”. Small, Ernest 1999. p. 1552. In: J. Janick (ed.), Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1999/v4-015a.html. Retrieved 2006-11-29.

    ^ “Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre (NAFC)”, Eastern Research Institutes, http://www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca/Human/Research/Webresearchinst/East/NorthwestAFC/nafc.htm, retrieved 2008-01-14

    Books

    Pleva, E.G. and Inch, Spencer, ed (1977). Canadian Oxford School Atlas. The Bryant Press Limited. ISBN 0-19-540240-5.

    Hardy, W.G., ed (1959). From Sea unto Sea. Doubleday & Company, Inc..

    Hutchison, Bruce, ed (1945). The Unknown Country. Longmans, Green & Co., Toronto.

    Daly, Ronald C., ed (1982). The Macmillan School Atlas. Gage Educational Publishing Company A Division of Canada Publishing Corporation. ISBN 0-7715-8268-4.

    Cloutier, Edmond, ed (1951). The Canada Year Book 1951 The Official Statistical Annual of the Resources, History, Institutions, and Social and Economic Conditions of Canada. King’s Printer and Controller of Stationery. ISBN 0-7715-8268-4.

    Cloutier, Edmond, ed (1956). Canada 1956 The Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress. Queen’s Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa..

    Kerr, D.G.G., ed (1959). A Historical Atlas of Canada. Thomas Nelson and Sons (Canada) Ltd..

    Dorland, Arthur G., ed (1949). Our Canada. The Copp Clark Publishing Co, Limited.

    External links

    Find more about Agriculture in Canada on Wikipedia’s sister projects:

    Definitions from Wiktionary

    Textbooks from Wikibooks

    Quotations from Wikiquote

    Source texts from Wikisource

    Images and media from Commons

    News stories from Wikinews

    Learning resources from Wikiversity

    Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada / Agriculture et Agroalimentaire

    Canada Agriculture Museum

    Soil to Sky: Careers in Canadian Agriculture in Food

    vde

    Agriculture in Canada (by province or territory)

    British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island Newfoundland and Labrador Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut

    vde

    Canadatopics

    History

    Timeline

    Aboriginals New France (to 1763) Under British Control (1763-1867) Post-Confederation (1867-1914) World Wars and Interwar Years (1914-1945) 1945-1960 1960-1981 1982-1992 since 1992

    Topics

    Military Economy Constitution Slavery Women’s rights

    Government

    Law Constitution The Crown Governor General Parliament (Senate House of Commons) Prime Minister (List) Courts (Supreme Court) Military Local Government Foreign relations

    Politics

    Elections Gun politics LGBT rights

    Geography

    Regions

    (west to east)

    Coast Mountains Interior Plateau Columbia Mountains Rocky Mountains Prairies Western Canada Northern Canada Canadian Shield Great Lakes Central Canada Saint Lawrence Lowlands Appalachian Mountains Arctic Cordillera Atlantic Canada Maritimes

    Topics

    Animals (Mammals Reptiles) Cities Wettest-known tropical cyclones Extreme communities Islands Mountains National parks Plants Regions Rivers Volcanoes

    Economy

    Agriculture Banking Bank of Canada Canadian dollar Communications Companies Energy Fishing Health care Oil Stock Exchange Taxation Tourism Transportation Social programs Poverty

    Demographics

    Topics

    Immigration Languages Religion Obesity 1996 Census 2001 Census 2006 Census List of population of Canada by years

    Top 100s

    Metro areas Urban areas Municipalities

    Culture

    Architecture Art Cinema Cuisine People Holidays Identity Literature Music (Blues Celtic Classical Hip hop Rock) Nationalism Protection of Sport Olympics Theatre Visitor attractions

    Symbols

    Coat of Arms Flags National Flag Provincial and territorial Regional tartans Royal symbols Heraldry

    See also: Canada Portal

    vde

    Agriculture in North America

    Sovereign states

    Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama1 Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago1 United States

    Dependencies and

    other territories

    Anguilla Aruba1 Bermuda British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Netherlands Antilles1 Puerto Rico Saint Barthlemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands

    1 Territories also in or commonly considered to be part of South America.

    Categories: Agriculture in CanadaHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links from May 2009

    I am a professional writer from China Crafts Suppliers, which contains a great deal of information about 3 point hitch snow blower , toro electric snowblower, welcome to visit!

    Related Posts:

« Older Entries Newer Entries »